I build reinforcement-learning environments and tools for formal reasoning.
I'm a 20-year-old self-taught independent AI researcher working on post-training with reinforcement learning, theorem-proving systems, formal methods, and executable verification. I left college to focus on independent research.
Selected writing
An RL Environment Where C Code Has to Be Proved, Not Just Tested
RL, formal methods · 17 min
An RL environment where models write C functions and reward comes from
proving that the code satisfies a fixed specification, rather than from
passing a test suite. The public release includes 64 tasks and an isolated Frama-C judge.
How MathCheck RL Replaces Hidden Answer Keys with Lean-Checked Rewards
RL · 19 min
A math RL environment for bounded integer problems that does not store
expected answers. Models return an integer or a complete finite certificate,
and reward comes from checking that submission against the full encoded problem.
Building a Lean-Backed Verifier for Bounded Mathematical Answers
formal methods · 17 min
A verification engine for bounded integer problems. It turns a problem
specification and candidate answer into executable Lean code, checks the
entire finite domain, and gives a definitive result without requiring a proof from the model.
How a Grammar Changes AI-Generated Mathematical Proof Steps
formal methods · 21 min
What changes when a language model is constrained to generate only text
shaped like Lean tactics? The study examines how grammar masking prevents
malformed proof steps without mistaking valid syntax for a correct proof.
Building a Grammar for AI-Generated Mathematical Proof Steps
formal methods · 17 min
A practical study of Lean's tactic language: extracting tactic forms from
real proofs, designing a grammar around them, and stress-testing what the
grammar accepts and rejects.
Taming Incidental Polysemanticity in Toy Models
interpretability · 25 min
How training choices shape feature entanglement in overcomplete toy networks,
using sparse autoencoders to compare the representations learned across
different configurations and random seeds.
Earlier research
Unlearn, Then Learn: A Circuit-Informed Knowledge-Editing Experiment
preprint
An early experiment in changing one factual association in Phi-3-mini:
first locate and suppress the original association, then train a replacement.
The complete experimental pipeline is public.
Targeted Lexical Injection: Early-Layer LoRA for Swahili–English Alignment
preprint
An early experiment using small adapters to strengthen Swahili–English word
alignment already present inside Lugha-Llama, evaluated on training pairs
and a separate set of unseen words.